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怀孕有哪些不良反应?要如何缓解?

发布日期:2020-10-14 11:33:03编辑:Passion

怀孕是一个幸福的过程,但同时也是一个身体与精神都得经历辛苦考验的时期,孕妇会出现一系列的不良反应,不过大多都是生理性的,不会影响孕妇跟他胎儿的健康发育,那么怀孕有哪些不良反应?要如何缓解?

怀孕有哪些不良反应?

1、孕吐
女性怀孕后,内分泌系统发生变化,在多种蛋白质和皮质激素的影响下,孕妇体内会出现许多相应的改变,最早出现的就是恶心,孕吐,厌食等妊娠反应,具体原因不明,可能是孕妇体内绒毛膜促性腺激素增多,肠胃功能紊乱,胃酸分泌减少,胃部排空时间延长等因素有关。
2、乳房胀痛
怀孕后,孕妇体内的孕激素,雌性激素,催乳素发生改变,导致孕妇的支配的神经也增多,乳房增大,血管增加,这就导致孕妇的乳房发胀,有疼痛感。胸胀痛一般在孕40天左右,也就是月经推迟10天左右出现,具体时间还得看个人,随着孕期增加,孕妇体内激素水平稳定,这种情况可能会持续整个月孕期,也可能会自然消失,不管是哪一种,都是正常的生理反应,不要担心。
3、嗜睡
怀孕后,孕妇体内激素发生变化,比如黄体酮升高,会导致孕妇出现嗜睡反应;另外,孕妇新陈代谢会比常人要高一些,体内热量消耗速度加快,血糖易出现不足,也会加重嗜睡症状。孕早期,孕妇容易感到疲倦,嗜睡,每天都昏昏沉沉的,必须得早睡晚起睡个午觉才会精神;孕中期嗜睡症状逐渐减轻,会慢慢恢复正常的;到了孕晚期,孕妇肚子越来越大,体重增加,孕妇犯困但是又睡不着,特别痛苦。
4、尿频
孕期由于肾脏略增大,肾血流量及肾小球滤过率增加,导致尿量增加;随着孕期增加,子宫越来越大,会压迫膀胱,膀胱的储尿了量减少,导致排尿次数增加。孕早期孕妇经常会出现尿频,但是孕中期的时候会逐渐减缓,到了孕晚期,尿频症状又会增加,尤其是胎儿入盆以后,尿频特别严重,甚至会出现漏尿。
5、腰酸背痛
腰酸背痛一般出现在孕晚期,由于子宫增大,孕妇的中心前移,脊柱过度前凸,背伸肌持续紧张,加上孕后松弛素分泌,骨盆韧带与椎骨间关节,韧带松弛,很容易出现腰酸背痛的症状。还有些孕妇,孕期长时间躺着坐着不运动,也会出现腰酸背痛的症状。

要如何缓解?

1、孕吐严重的孕妇,可以在床头放个小面包,早晨起床先吃个小面包,然后再躺半个小时左右再起床。每餐少吃点,在两餐中间再加1餐,由3餐变成5-6餐,选择清淡好消化的食物,多吃蔬菜水果,加餐可以选择坚果,水果,面包,饼干等等,注意勤喝水,但是不要在肚子饿的时候喝。想吃东西的时候赶紧吃,不吐了就快点吃,吐了以后继续吃,总之每天必须得保持一定得进食量。
2、推荐柔软舒适的棉质内衣,大小要合适,肩带宽一些,质量要好,而且随着胸部增大,内衣也得调整合适尺寸的,绝对不能小了。孕期可以用热毛巾热敷胸部,温度不要太高,以免烫伤胸部,还可以手部摩擦发热后,按摩胸部,都可以缓解胀痛的不适。除了胸部按摩外,还得清洁乳头,用温水擦洗即可,不需要用肥皂跟沐浴露,以免洗掉乳头上的天然润滑物质,导致乳头干裂。擦洗的动作要轻,不要太大力,更不要拉扯刺激乳头,以免引起宫缩引发早产。
3、对于孕妇来说,充足的睡眠不仅有利于自身健康,对胎儿发育也有很大作用,所以需要保证充足的睡眠,这就要求孕妇想睡就睡,困了就休息会儿,如果条件允许的话,除了晚上睡眠充足外,中午也稍作休息。养成良好的睡眠习惯,建议定时上床关灯睡觉,不要睡的太晚,甚至彻夜不眠。有些孕妇可能会出现失眠的情况,然后玩手机看电视,结果越来越精神,最后凌晨才睡甚至彻夜不睡,这是坚决不允许的,建议大家不管睡不睡的着,都要定时关灯,远离手机和电视。
4、很多孕妇因为尿频而不喝水,这是不可以的,每天必须适量喝水,想要小便的时候,及时如厕,千万不要硬憋着,以免造成膀胱发炎或者细菌感染。晚上睡前少喝水,一般建议大家选择正确的喝水时间,晚上睡前一定要少喝,以免尿频影响睡眠。注意,如果尿频伴随尿急,尿痛的话,可能是泌尿系统疾病,建议就医检查。
5、选择舒适的平底鞋,高跟鞋就别穿了,不要长时间站立,以免静脉曲张。日常不管是走路,站立,还是坐着,头部和肩部应该向后仰,腰部向前挺,让重量放在骨骼上,千万不要弯腰驼背,否则压力往下时,脊椎就会不由自主的弯曲,容易造成腰酸背痛。注意补钙,孕后母体营养不仅要满足自身需求,还得满足胎儿需求,这就导致对钙的需求比常人要多一些,如果缺钙的话,很容易腰酸背痛腿抽筋,所以建议大家多吃一些富含钙质的食物,比如牛奶,虾皮等等,缺钙严重的,还得遵照医嘱适量补钙。
结语:怀孕后,为了宫内胎儿的健康发育,孕妇体内激素发生变化,总会出现各种不同的生理症状,大多都是正常的,不要担心,除了自己健康饮食健康生活外,还需要家人的呵护与陪伴,一起度过辛苦的孕期。
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