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如果你有这些病，怀孕最好缓一缓

发布日期：2024-08-26 02:55:07编辑：秩名


“大夫，我有XX方面的疾病，是不是不能怀孩子啊？”“大夫，我现在一身毛病，有哪些病应该治好后再要孩子啊？”
 
这样的问题我在临床上基本每天都能遇到。事实上，有很多疾病虽然看起来很磨人，但对于生儿育女这件事来说好像无伤大雅，但很多看起来无足轻重的疾病，却与我们的优生密切相关。按照优生学原则，一般来说，凡是给孕妇或胎儿带来不良影响的疾病在未治愈前都不能怀孕。否则，在患病期间怀孕，会使病情加重，并影响胎儿的生长发育，严重的还会因怀孕、分娩造成生命危险。
 
那么，有以下疾病的患者应暂缓怀孕，在稳定期或治愈后可在医生的指导下生育。
 
女性在高血压稳定之前不宜怀孕：高血压会给准妈妈和宝宝带来危险，高血压患者并非不能怀孕，但易引起子痫的发生，而且多是重症。在体检中发现高血压的准妈妈要注意生活起居，在怀孕前争取让血压恢复正常。另外，平时注意多进食高蛋白饮食，适当控制盐分的摄入。避免过劳、睡眠不足、精神紧张等。 
 
女性患有糖尿病应在医生的指导下受孕：身患糖尿病的准妈妈患上高血压的概率比健康人高4倍，而且胎儿有可能生长过大，给分娩带来困难，糖尿病孕妇流产、死产以及生出畸形儿的概率都比较高，因此可以说糖尿病是有可能给怀孕带来致命风险的疾病之一。不过只要在怀孕前接受适当的治疗，怀孕期间按时孕检、严格遵从医嘱，一般也可顺利生产，不必过分紧张。
 
女性在心脏病未平稳前不宜怀孕：凡有呼吸困难、易疲劳、心慌等症状的人应进行心脏检查，如果确诊为心脏病应在怀孕前进行治疗。在心脏病中，心脏瓣膜病、心内膜炎、心脏畸形等，只要症状不严重，日常生活没有障碍，也可以怀孕。但有任何心脏疾病的人的怀孕危险都高于健康人，所以孕检及分娩应选择有心脏病专业医生的医院，在必要时能及时接受医生的救治及生活指导。
 
女性有某些慢性病时不宜怀孕：如严重肾病、骨软化症、贫血（血色素在6克以下）、风疹、甲状腺功能亢进等疾病，在没有完全治愈之前应暂缓怀孕。
 
一方患有急性传染病时暂不宜受孕：患有急性病毒性感染，如流感、风疹、传染性肝炎、活动性肺结核、病毒性脑炎、伤寒、麻疹等，易造成胎儿畸形。乙肝病毒感染可使后代终生带病毒，且成年时期患肝癌的发病率增高。因此，传染病患者在未彻底治愈之前应暂缓怀孕。
 
梅毒、淋病等性病未治愈时暂缓怀孕：这类疾病对生殖健康的危害极大，应暂缓怀孕。例如：淋病性眼结膜炎对新生儿最严重的危害是致盲。单纯疱疹病毒感染，可直接通过胎盘感染胎儿，使胎儿出现小头畸形、先天性心脏病、肢体缺损等。患性病的夫妇应积极到正规医院进行治疗，待性病治愈后再考虑怀孕。
 
男女双方长期服用某种药物时应暂缓怀孕：因许多药物都可在不同的孕期影响胎儿发育，造成畸形。受孕前应找妇产科医生咨询，确认所服药物对胚胎无害才能考虑怀孕，或者停药一段时间后再怀孕。 
 
女性在阴道炎等妇科病未治愈前应暂缓怀孕：霉菌性阴道炎会使胎儿在分娩过程中感染上霉菌。因此，患有霉菌性阴道炎的女性，应在治愈之后再受孕。而宫颈糜烂，一般轻度炎症不影响怀孕，如糜烂较重，如有人乳头瘤病毒感染或疱疹病毒感染，应治疗后再怀孕。
 
女性患有精神失常未治愈前应暂缓怀孕：曾患过精神失常的女性，会在妊娠、产褥及哺乳期复发，有的还会遗传。患有此类疾病的女性，均不宜轻易怀孕，应对疾病认真治疗，在充分休息及密切观察之后，根据病情及医生的意见，方可确定能否怀孕。
 
女性患有卵巢囊肿应在诊断治疗后再怀孕：据报道，一怀胎三月的孕妇，与丈夫亲热后，腹部开始剧烈疼痛，到医院诊断为突发卵巢囊肿蒂扭转，经医生开腹将已经变得紫黑的囊肿拿掉，并切除了左侧卵巢。值得庆幸的是，胎儿保住了。患卵巢囊肿的情况多种多样，卵巢囊肿有良性和恶性之分，也有大小之分，如发现恶性肿瘤应立即手术切除，并进行化疗以保全生命。如为良性肿瘤，也分赘生性和非赘生性两种。如果经检查发现卵巢良性肿瘤，应确定大小以及和月经周期的关系，如卵巢囊肿生长过快、过大，应尽早手术切除或剔除；有些囊肿如为畸胎瘤，可以发生蒂扭转，产生急腹痛；还有些囊肿壁较薄，易自发破裂，也发生急腹痛。因此在准备怀孕时应查清盆腔，如囊肿大于5厘米，应进行手术后再怀孕。如怀孕后发现有卵巢囊肿，应定期到医院检查，如在孕期逐渐长大，最好在怀孕18～20周内手术切除为妥。
 
女性在结核病未治愈前不宜怀孕：患了肺结核的女性在她们的结核病还在活动期阶段，要做好避孕，不要怀孕和生育。所谓肺结核活动期，主要是指有发热、盗汗、全身乏力、咳嗽、咯血以及胸部检查Ｘ线发现浸润渗出性病变、血沉降率升高等表现。结核病的治疗要在使用抗结核药等化学疗法的同时摄取充足的营养并静养，还要保持规律的生活。重症结核病患者要进行手术，治愈后是可以平安怀孕、分娩的。
 
由于女性在生殖方面的负担、风险大于男性，因此女性若在备孕期出现身体不适，尤其是一些病毒所引起的疾病，应慎重对待，若被医生确诊为治愈前不宜怀孕的疾病时，须在医生指导下进行治疗，康复前应认真避孕，配合医生治疗。
 
所以，带病怀孕可是件危险的事情，不仅可使自身的病情加重，对胎儿也有较大危险。不过，并不是所有的疾病都不能怀孕，有些慢性病虽然不能在短时间治愈，但经过合理的治疗、调理，病情好转后也可以在医生的指导下怀孕。备孕期、怀孕期间如果有不适症状要及时就医、及时治疗，以免发生危险。
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