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中国营养学会发布《中国学龄儿童膳食指南(2022)》

发布日期:2022-06-05 09:01:34编辑:佚名

近日,中国营养学会发布了《中国学龄儿童膳食指南(2022)》。新版的学龄儿童膳食指南是在《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》的基础上,根据我国学龄儿童的营养与健康状况婴儿营养指南,依据合理膳食、饮食行为与健康状况关系对原内容进行了扩充,使其更加全面、完善。

学龄儿童是指从6周岁到不满18周岁的未成年人。学龄儿童正处于生长发育阶段,全面、充足的营养是其正常生长发育,乃至一生健康的物质保障。学龄期是建立健康信念和形成健康饮食行为的关键时期,从小养成健康的饮食行为和生活方式将使其受益终生。

新版学龄儿童膳食指南提出了5条核心准则

·主动参与食物选择和制作,提高营养素养。

·吃好早餐,合理选择零食,培养健康饮食行为。

·天天喝奶,足量饮水,不喝含糖饮料,禁止饮酒。

·多户外活动,少视屏时间,每天60分钟以上的中高强度身体活动。

·定期监测体格发育,保持体重适宜增长。

学习食物营养相关知识

认识食物,了解食物与环境及健康的关系,了解并传承中国饮食文化;充分认识合理营养的重要性,建立为自己的健康和行为负责的信念。

主动参与食物选择和制作

会阅读食品标签,和家人一起选购和制作食物,不浪费食物,并会进行食物搭配。

家庭和学校构建健康食物环境

除提供平衡膳食外,还应通过营养教育、行为示范、制定食物规则等婴儿营养指南,鼓励和支持学龄儿童提高营养素养并养成健康饮食行为。

专家解读

食育教育,营养素养应该作为素质教育不可分割的一部分,因为我们所有需要的营养都是来自各种各样的食物,营养不仅满足体格的生长发育,同时也关系到智力的发育,而且生命早期的营养是不是合理,是不是充足,直接会影响到成年后是不是健康。因此,儿童青少年的营养非常重要,我们要强调饮食行为的培养,强调“会选会烹”就是希望孩子学会选择食物,在选择食物的过程当中,去了解、去掌握有关食物和营养知识。比如说在选择包装食品的时候,要去看它的能量,是不是含有添加糖,是不是含有饱和脂肪酸,这对他今后成年后学会理智选择食品是有帮助的,从小就形成这种健康的行为和生活方式。《中国学龄儿童膳食指南(2022)》主要强调学龄儿童要科学饮食,而在此之前也推出了《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》,主要是针对一般人群的。作为家长,作为一般人群,我们同样要提高我们自己的营养素养,这样才能跟孩子一起学习营养,学习健康的知识,帮助孩子来建立健康的行为和生活方式。——中国营养学会副理事长、北京大学公共卫生学院教授马冠生

·清淡饮食、不挑食偏食、不暴饮暴食,养成健康饮食行为。

·做到一日三餐,定时定量、饮食规律。

·早餐食物应包括谷薯类、蔬菜水果、动物性食物、以及奶类、大豆和坚果等四类食物中的三类及以上。

·可在两餐之间吃少量的零食,选择清洁卫生、营养丰富的食物作为零食。

·在外就餐时要注重合理搭配,少吃含高盐、高糖和高脂肪的食物。

专家解读

尽管现在中小学生中不吃早餐的现象并不多,但如果抛开现象看本质,如果我们观察学生的早餐营养质量,会发现吃不好的差不多能占到一半。而大量的证据表明吃不吃早餐,早餐的营养是否充足,直接会影响到膳食营养的摄入和学生上午学习的表现,影响到逻辑思维、创造性思维、加减乘除运算的正确率,以及运算的速度,还有对学生身体的耐力也会带来影响。这就是我们为什么要这么具体地提出准则,不仅仅要强调吃早餐,而且要吃好早餐。——中国营养学会副理事长、北京大学公共卫生学院教授马冠生

·天天喝奶,每天300ml及以上液态奶或相当量的奶制品。

·主动足量饮水,每天800~1400ml,首选白水。

·不喝或少喝含糖饮料,更不能用含糖饮料代替水。

·禁止饮酒和喝含酒精饮料。

专家观点

含糖饮料也是青少年饮食中的一个突出问题。近些年来含糖饮料的消费在儿童青少年当中逐渐增加。大量的证据表明含糖饮料当中的添加糖如果过多的话,一个是引起龋齿风险,再一个会增加超重肥胖的风险。因此世界卫生组织专门提出来要限制添加糖的摄入。尽管我们国家的儿童青少年当中,添加糖的平均摄入量还没有达到一个比较高的水平,但是这样的一个增长趋势是非常快的,所以需要预防这样的情况发生。因此在新版的《中国学龄儿童膳食指南》当中明确提出了这一点。——中国营养学会副理事长、北京大学公共卫生学院教授马冠生

·每天应累计至少60分钟中高强度的身体活动。

·每周至少3次高强度的身体活动,3次抗阻力活动和骨质增强型活动。

·增加户外活动时间。

·减少静坐时间,视屏时间每天不超过2小时,越少越好。

·保证充足睡眠。

·家长、学校、社区共建积极的身体活动环境,鼓励孩子掌握至少一项运动技能。

专家解读

这次指南中,我们提出了家庭、学校和社会共建健康食物环境以及措施和建议。对于家庭来说,家长要起到以身作则、言传身教的作用,和孩子一起去进行中高强度的身体活动,来形成这样一个健康氛围。同时学校也应该保证学生每天在课外活动一小时的时间,另外社区也应该营造健康的环境,比如说创造健康的步道,配备一些进行身体活动的设备,这都是为孩子开展身体活动提供一些必要的物质条件和氛围。——中国营养学会副理事长、北京大学公共卫生学院教授马冠生

·定期测量身高和体重,监测生长发育。

·正确认识体型,科学判断体重状况。

·合理膳食、积极身体活动,预防营养不足和超重肥胖。

·个人、家庭、学校、社会共同参与儿童肥胖防控。

专家解读

无论是营养不良、微量营养素不足,还是超重肥胖,本质上都是饮食搭配不合理。超重肥胖实际上是能量摄入太多,没有及时得到消耗,而其他营养素摄入又不均衡。所以对于肥胖的儿童来说,有时并不是营养过剩,只是能量过剩,有些微量营养素实际上还可能存在不足。——中国营养学会副理事长、北京大学公共卫生学院教授马冠生

此次新版的学龄儿童膳食指南还收录了中国儿童平衡膳食算盘(2022)和中国学龄儿童平衡膳食宝塔(2022)

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