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吐奶vs溢奶,傻傻分不清楚,新手妈妈能分辨懂护理,自然不焦虑

发布日期:2024-08-09 11:57:59编辑:网络收集

上周收到一位妈妈的求助留言,说自己儿子3个月了,每次吃完奶没多久,就会吐奶,嘴角还总是挂着白色的乳汁。婆婆说孩子吐奶是因为母乳太凉了,叫她以后少吃凉的东西。为了宝宝能吃到足够的母乳,自己在饮食上也非常在意,真是有苦难言呀。

她说不知道怎么了,宝宝最近总是爱哭闹。婆婆一看到宝宝哭,就说孩子饿了,该喂奶了。于是喂奶的次数多了,宝宝吐奶的次数和吐奶量也变多了。每次看到宝宝吐奶的样子,她都心疼得掉眼泪。

虽然宝宝吐奶是很常见的事儿,但新手妈妈要掌握如何区分吐奶和溢奶,以及一些护理知识,这样才能有备无患,不再焦虑。

什么是溢奶?

根据这位妈妈描述的情况,宝宝这样应该只属于溢奶,根本算不上吐奶。新生儿的肠胃发育还不完全,无论是出现溢奶,还是吐奶都是正常现象。不过,严重的溢奶和吐奶也会透露出宝宝身体健康出现了问题,新手爸妈不得不防。

宝宝哭闹的原因有很多,饿只是其中之一,妈妈不能一看到孩子哭就喂奶,那是不对的。当宝宝被过度喂养后,进奶量超过了胃部的极限,溢奶自然就发生了。如果宝宝是因为饿了才哭闹,那么就会伴有强烈的寻奶反射。

后来她按照我的建议,减少了哺乳次数,仅用了三四天的时间,宝宝吐奶的问题就有了好转。

这位妈妈一直说自己宝宝吐奶了,而我一直给她解释宝宝溢奶的问题,是不是搞错了啊。是的,很多新手妈妈由于经验不足,经常会把溢奶和吐奶搞混。

溢奶比较轻微,发生也比较频繁,通常是指宝宝会不经意地吐出一小口,或者慢慢流出来,量很小。吐奶比较严重,发生次数很少,一般是指宝宝用力把奶吐出来,或者说喷出来更贴切。所以我说她的孩子是溢奶,不是吐奶。

宝宝为什么会溢奶?

宝宝之所以会溢奶,是因为肠胃发育不完全引起的,属于正常现象。

1、胃部空间小

刚刚出生的婴儿,胃部空间很小,无论是吃母乳还是配方奶都属于流食,一旦妈妈过度喂养,宝宝就会把多余的乳汁吐出来。

2、贲门闭合不全

胃部有个组织叫贲门,就像一个盖子一样防止食物逆流。可是,婴儿的贲门发育不成熟,比较松弛,闭合也不紧。一旦宝宝吃多了,奶水就会从“盖子”的缝隙中渗透过来,此时溢奶就发生了。

等到宝宝6个月大的时候,贲门发育接近成熟,溢奶的情况也就会慢慢消失了。

什么是吐奶?

知道了什么是溢奶,也知道了宝宝溢奶的原因,下面我们看看什么是吐奶。相对于溢奶,吐奶要剧烈很多,宝宝会用尽全身的力气把奶吐出来。吐奶其实是婴儿的一种保护机制,在吃了不干净的东西后,可以借着吐奶把脏东西一起吐出来。

吐奶并不可怕,可怕的是导致宝宝吐奶背后的原因。如果宝宝有吐奶的问题,妈妈一定要留意宝宝吐奶的次数和吐奶的颜色。如果呕吐物中有黄色或绿色,且伴有发烧、食欲不佳、精神状态差的问题,说明宝宝生病了,这时一定要及时就医。

宝宝吐奶的原因有很多,不过多是由疾病引起的,比如:轻一点儿的由肠胃炎症、奶粉过敏引起,严重的还有血液类疾病、先天疾病等。

无论是溢奶,还是吐奶,妈妈都要及时给宝宝拍背,把呛进去的牛奶咳出来。如果拍背也没有好转,宝宝反而出现了呼吸困难,嘴唇发紫,一定要及时就医。

宝宝吐奶后,妈妈应该如何照护

1、侧躺

宝宝溢奶后,我们要让他侧躺一会儿,让嘴里残留的乳汁流出来,再用毛巾擦干即可。擦奶的时候,妈妈一定不要用裹着口水巾的手指抠挖宝宝嘴里的乳汁,一旦宝宝反抗,轻则弄伤他的口腔,严重的还会引起呛奶,反而更危险。

2、清理口腔

等宝宝嘴里的奶吐干净后,妈妈把纱布蘸上温水,裹在手指上清洁宝宝牙床、舌头和口腔,可以预防细菌滋生。

5个避免吐奶和溢奶的护理方法,妈妈要知道

宝宝6个月大之前,如果出现频繁溢奶的问题,妈妈试试下面的护理方法,可以减少或避免溢奶的问题。

1、少喂多餐

我们知道过度喂养也会导致宝宝溢奶,因此我们减少宝宝每次的进奶量,采用少食多餐的方式,减少他的胃部压力。这样宝宝既能吃饱,还不会引起吐奶的问题。

2、减慢速度

如果是奶粉喂养,奶嘴的口径大,流速快,会导致宝宝误吸大量的空气进入腹部,引起肚胀、消化不良的问题。妈妈可以通过更换小一号的奶嘴,降低乳汁流速来避免溢奶问题。

3、不要摇晃

吃完奶后,妈妈不要着急哄宝宝睡觉,因为摇晃哄睡容易引起宝宝胃部不适,诱发吐奶。

4、母乳亲喂

宝宝有溢奶问题时,妈妈要多亲喂,少瓶喂。这也可以减少宝宝溢奶问题的发生。母乳亲喂时,乳房和宝宝小嘴贴合度较好,不仅吸力大,而且不会误吸空气,自然也不会溢奶了。除此之外,母乳营养丰富,易消化,宝宝也不会有腹胀的问题。

5、拍嗝

当然,防止溢奶和吐奶的最好办法还是拍嗝。拍嗝分为坐膝式和直立式两种,妈妈熟练掌握其中一个即可。妈妈让宝宝坐在自己腿上或者趴在肩膀上,用空心手掌由上至下轻轻拍打他的后背几分钟即可,不必非要拍出嗝。

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