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冷冻卵子成趋势 单身女性是否享有生育权

发布日期：2015-11-27 14:03:48编辑：Chen

在不少发达国家，女性冷冻卵子已成趋势

实际上，在很多国家单身女性冷冻卵子已经成为趋势，一篇题为《美国长辈流行给大龄女儿付钱冷冻卵子》的文章提到，在对经济独立、个人自由无比珍视的美国，家长们竟然主动给女儿付钱冷冻卵子，以期未来仍有机会享受天伦之乐。

据亚特兰大生殖生物学协会医学主任丹尼尔·夏皮罗医生说，此前两年，有100多位客人来他的中心冷冻卵子，他估计这其中有至少有四分之三都是由父母来支付部分或全部医疗费用的。

据悉，日本2013年宣布同意健康单身女生申请冷冻保存卵子，但同时不建议40岁以上女性冷冻保存其卵子。英国开诊冷冻卵子技术已超过10年，目前共有74家医疗机构持有合法开展相关手术的执照。

在美国，美国生殖医学会制定的相关准则中写道：“不会积极劝说健康女性保存其卵子，但是对于希望保存其卵子的女性，院方必须要对其进行详细的讲解和说明”。

“冻卵”等人工辅助生殖技术已经出现并正在冲击我们的法律与伦理，对之不管不顾并非良策，目前的热议正是升格规章的契机。对新技术和旧伦理的平衡，深入的立法博弈才能让它嵌入相对合理的轨道。

8月2日，央视新闻发微博称我国单身女性不能使用冷冻卵子生育：“我国卫生部规定，单身女性不能实施辅助生殖技术的相关手术。有的医院允许单身女性冷冻卵子，但在使用冷冻卵子时必须提供三证：即身份证、结婚证、准生证。”

此前已公开在美国冻卵的徐静蕾在转发上述微博时加了无奈的表情。徐静蕾曾承认，为了给自己留下成为母亲的机会，她选择了冷冻卵子。在她看来，冷冻起自己的卵子，就像找到了“世界上唯一的后悔药”。她说自己唯一遗憾的，是找到这味药有点晚。

大龄女星抱团冻卵 单身女性是否享有生育权

围绕着单身女性生育权问题的论争在我国才刚刚兴起，这是由单身人群的数量增加引发的新问题。论争主要围绕按照我国现行法律单身女性有无生育权的问题。这个问题的答案应当是肯定的：单身女性有生育权。

我国法律从未否认独身妇女和已婚妇女享有同样的生育权。《人口与计划生育法》第十七条规定：“公民有生育的权利，也有依法实行计划生育的义务”。

单身女性是公民，所以她有生育的权利。但是，按照我国法律，她的生育权利的实现必须符合计划生育的相关规定。计划生育对于单身女性的生育权的规定各地是有差异的。

历史上最著名的一个涉及单身女性生育权的争论发生于2002年的吉林。《吉林省人口与计划生育条例》第30条第2款规定：“达到法定婚龄决定终生不再结婚并无子女的妇女，可以采取合法的医学辅助生育技术手段生育一个子女。”

这一条例是2002年9月27日由吉林省第九届人大常委会采用投票表决方式审议通过的。吉林省计划生育委员会法规处姜国民处长说，当时省人大常委会47位委员参加表决，只有一张反对票，不赞成此《条例》。

但是，在讨论这一规定时，争议非常激烈，争议最激烈的是孩子生下来后怎么办的问题。没有父亲对孩子是不是公平？会不会给孩子造成伤害？犹犹豫豫地讨论了很多次，相持不下。

提出生育要求的两位独身的大学女老师一定要生，甚至说不让生就是剥夺她们的生育权，要诉诸法律。最后是“小道理服从大道理”，只要这些老师有生育、抚养能力，从维护人权角度考虑，《条例》就写上了这一规定。
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