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数学启蒙很简单 但要掌握方法

发布日期：2025-01-14 16:07:00编辑：秩名


 
　　说起数学启蒙，很多人的第一反应，就是数数;也有些妈妈说，感觉数学很抽象，很深奥，自己以前数学就学得很烂，要怎么教给孩子呢？　　
 
其实，数学启蒙并不是单纯地让宝宝抽象地从1数到10，也许宝宝能数得很溜，但是却理解不了数字背后的含义，重点是要让孩子喜欢数学，爱上数学，觉得数学很好玩，然后再来发展他的数学思维。
 
　　实际上，数学就在我们身边，在我们的生活中。爸爸妈妈在跟宝宝的日常生活和互动游戏中，都可以进行数学启蒙。
 
 
　　01
 
　　这样数数，宝宝兴趣十足
 
　　宝宝过了1岁，很多爸爸妈妈就可以教他数“1、2、3……”这只是简单的模仿和记忆，如果不借助具体的事物，宝宝很难理解。
 
　　爸爸妈妈可以在跟宝宝玩积木的时候，可以一边搭，一边数 “一个积木，两个积木”;给宝宝穿衣服的时候，可以数 “一个扣子，两个扣子”;走楼梯的时候，也可以一边走一边数楼梯层数。
 
　　还有家中的门牌号、日历、电话号码等也都是数字的展现，宝宝看在眼里，也会默默地吸收。
 
 
　　02
 
　　大小、形状、空间概念，一点也不抽象
 
　　● 大小：宝宝吃水果的时候，不同的水果，比如苹果和葡萄，就可以问他“苹果和葡萄哪个大，哪个小呢?”妈妈跟宝宝手牵手出去散步的时候，也可以问他“宝宝，是妈妈的手大，还是宝宝的手大啊?”
 
　　● 形状：妈妈带孩子坐公交车的时候，可以看路上有哪些不同的标语牌，哪些是圆形，哪些是正方形、长方形。或者也可以跟宝宝一起找找看，家里有哪些形状的东西，比如，宝宝爱看的故事书是方方的;电视是方方的;碗是圆圆的;小车的轮子也是圆圆的……。
 
　　● 空间概念：2、3岁的孩子都很喜欢玩水，给她几个大小不同的杯子和一盆水，宝宝能玩上好长一段时间，让宝宝把水从小杯子倒到大杯子，“小杯子的水倒到大杯子，变得不满了，小杯子的水比较少哦。”
 
　　● 位置也是重要的一方面，比如，宝宝把玩具放进盒子收起来，妈妈就可以说，“宝宝，把玩具放到盒子里面，里面”;在家里玩耍的时候，宝宝总喜欢钻到桌子下面，妈妈可以说，“宝宝原来在桌子下面啊。”带宝宝到公园玩跷跷板的时候，妈妈可以说，“哦，宝宝在上面，妈妈在下面。”
 
　　怎么样？是不是很简单。只要爸爸妈妈有这个意识，生活无处不数学!著名的儿童心理学家皮亚杰曾经说过：“在数学教育里，我们必须强调行动的角色，特别是幼儿，操作实物对了解数学是不可缺少的。”
 
　　因此，爸爸妈妈更要把孩子的数学启蒙融入到生活中去，让宝宝多去触摸、感觉，探索，有了亲身体验后，就能更好地理解、学习。
 
 
　　03
 
　　小知识：为什么小孩子数数总是要掰手指头？
 
　　人的思维是有阶段性的，宝宝三、四岁的时候，是以具体形象思维为主，到了四岁半的时候，抽象思维才开始萌芽，发展起来。对于三、四岁的孩子来说，加号、减号就是一个天文字，就像我们不认识的外国字一样，这时候他们还不能理解这个符号，就需要一个“拐棍”来帮忙理解，这个拐棍也就是手指头。
 
　　比如还在上幼儿园的宝宝，让他们数数，很多时候就是掰手指头，这时候，爸妈就会着急，觉得孩子怎么就不动脑筋呢，这其实是一个天大的误解。实际上宝宝这个时候在掰手指头就是在动脑筋呢，掰手指头的时候，他的思维运算起来，不掰手指头，思维停止了，甚至还会混乱。到了小学，小孩的思维发展不一样了，自然就不用掰手指头。
 
　　所以爸妈不要责怪孩子，应该允许掰手指头，但是不能停留于掰手指头，可以多给他一些拐棍，比如扣子、饼干、巧克力等等，给一些具体的东西，让孩子逐渐抽象起来。比如，1+2=3中，1、2、3等数字对孩子而言没有任何意义，但如果爸爸妈妈先给孩子1块巧克力，再给2块巧克力，让他数一数，看这些巧克力怎么变成3个了，这样他就能真正了解1+2=3的意义了。
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