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特医奶粉该怎么选？儿科专家教你如何避开雷区

发布日期：2024-07-23 13:37:27编辑：网络收集

然而，对于早产、乳糖不耐受、牛奶蛋白过敏等有特殊喂养需求的宝宝，为了保障宝宝的健康成长，通常需要选择特殊医学用途婴儿配方奶粉。面对市面上种类繁多的奶粉如何挑选？各位宝爸宝妈们需要注意的是：按照国家食品安全法的规定，“特医奶粉”生产厂家除了需要生产和经营许可外，还必须通过食药监管部门的特殊医学用途配方食品注册审批，才能展开生产、售卖，建议在专业人士指导下选用，避开雷区。

1.母乳强化剂：对于早产或者低出生体重儿，亲生母亲母乳是最佳选择，母乳中的蛋白质和主要营养素的含量随泌乳时间延长而逐渐减少，因此，可以在母乳中添加母乳强化剂提供充足的能量和营养素，保障早产儿营养需求。母乳强化剂只是作为母乳的补充，不能单独作为食品用于婴幼儿，母乳强化剂的使用和用量需在儿科医师指导下使用。

2.早产儿奶粉：早产儿配方和早产儿过渡配方(早产儿出院后配方)均属于早产儿奶粉。当早产儿母亲母乳不足或不能提供母乳，需早产儿奶粉喂养。早产儿配方奶一般适用于刚出生的早产儿，常用在早产儿住院期间；早产儿过渡配方奶主要适用于早产儿出院后持续喂养。早产儿奶的能量、蛋白质及其他营养素均较普通配方奶高，满足早产儿生长代谢较高的营养需要。

3.无乳糖或低乳糖配方：适用于宝宝存在先天性乳糖酶缺乏或者因肠炎、肠道手术等原因导致继发性乳糖酶缺乏时。该配方主要通过麦芽糖或葡萄糖聚合物来替代乳糖，蛋白质、脂肪等其他营养素可以满足婴儿营养所需，可改善患儿腹泻，腹痛、肠鸣等消化道症状。平时家长所说的“腹泻奶粉”即无乳糖奶粉。

4.乳蛋白部分水解配方：适用于有高度过敏风险的宝宝比如父母曾经有食物过敏病史。奶粉中的牛奶蛋白经加工分解成小分子乳蛋白、肽链和氨基酸，以降低大分子牛奶蛋白的致敏性。

5.乳蛋白深度水解配方/氨基酸配方奶粉：适用于已发生有食物蛋白过敏宝宝。深度水解配方是指通过特殊工艺将易起过敏反应的大分子乳蛋白水解成短肽及氨基酸，而氨基酸配方奶粉是指通过特殊工艺将牛奶蛋白变成无敏、低分子的游离氨基酸。两者均不含有食物蛋白，但氨基酸配方奶粉水解更彻底，营养价值低于传统配方奶,因此在选用该奶粉时，必须在儿科医师指导下使用。

6.氨基酸代谢障碍配方：适用于患有特殊氨基酸代谢异常疾病的宝宝。这些宝宝因为疾病因素使体内氨基酸代谢异常障碍，从而出现体格生长及智力发育障碍。氨基酸代谢障碍配方奶粉是不含或仅含少量代谢障碍氨基酸的特殊配方食品，并适当调整其他氨基酸组成以确保提供足够的必需及非必需氨基酸。可以替代普通婴儿配方食品，改善患儿症状，减轻智力损害，同时为宝宝提供必要的、充足的营养素以维持其正常生长发育的需求。例如患有苯丙酮尿症的宝宝就要选用这一类别的配方奶。

那么怎样判断宝宝喂养是否恰当？儿科任选辉医生介绍，3岁以内宝宝处于生长发育旺盛期，观察宝宝喂养是否合理，最简单的方法就是测量宝宝的体重、身长和头围（可大致参考下图，单位为厘米）。若宝宝各项指标偏离正常较多,需尽快就医。

宝宝进食后无呕吐、腹胀、腹泻、腹痛等消化系统症状，且无湿疹等过敏反应，精神状态良好，也是喂养恰当的表现，若患有特殊疾病的宝宝需要用到特医奶粉，建议最好每3到6月到正规医院的儿童保健门诊体检，及时调整喂养计划。
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