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这才是宝宝正确喂药方式 妈妈们千万要记住(3)

发布日期：2016-04-22 14:25:50编辑：Anata

误区四：滥用成人药物

造成后果：大多数的成人用药都不能用于小儿的。有的父母认为：宝宝就是比成人的体重小，成人吃的药只要减量就行了，这是不对的。凡药三分毒，婴幼儿的肝脏解毒功能弱，肾脏的排毒功能也差。

成人身上的轻微副作用对于肝肾功能尚不成熟的婴幼儿来说可能就是毒性反应。氨基糖甙类可引起小儿耳聋，肾脏功能损伤;喹诺酮类可引起小儿软骨发育障碍;磺胺类可引起小婴儿黄疸，肾脏功能损害;氯霉素可引起灰婴综合症，粒细胞减少症。

正确做法：一定要给宝宝服用儿童专用药物。

误区五：盲目应用退热药

造成后果：婴幼儿最常见的症状就是发热，所以退热药的应用时机是很重要的。婴儿退热药中的有效药物浓度比孩童配方来得高，有些药物婴儿服用的量超过孩童配方的3倍之多。这样做的原因是婴儿对药物的吸收力相对较小，并且更容易将药吐出来。

正确做法：仔细阅读药瓶、药盒上所有的标贴指示，特别注意是“婴儿配方”还是“儿童配方”。

温情提醒：新生儿慎用退烧药。新生儿及婴儿比较容易发热，这是因为新生儿和婴儿体温调节功能不完善，保暖、出汗、散热功能都较差。当生病、环境温度改变或喂水不足时，都会引起发烧，如果此时随便服用退烧药，往往会招来大祸。

有的新生儿在误服退烧药后，会出现体温突然下降，脱水，皮肤青紫，严重者还可出现便血、吐血、脐部出血、颅内出血等，甚至会因抢救不及时而死亡。因此，退烧药(如阿司匹林、小儿退热片、APC等)是新生儿的禁用药。

正确的做法：处理新生儿发热的最好办法是物理降温退烧，如打开包被暴露肢体、用浓度不超过30%的酒精擦洗颈部及手脚掌心、枕冷水袋等。应注意的是，体温一旦下降应立即停止降温，否则将导致体温不升。

此外，婴幼儿的发热，如果不超过39℃，即往又无惊厥史的，可多喝水或者物理降温。超过39℃或者防止惊厥时才能吃由世界卫生组织推荐的扑热喜痛或者布洛芬。

误区六：过长时间吃药

造成后果：有可能延误有效的治疗期或者使疾病恶化。

正确做法：吃某些药已两三天还未见好转，便应该不要再吃了，很可能宝宝的病症非表面看来那么简单，须尽快带他去看医生。 

误区七：擅自分享处方药

误因分析：如果你家宝宝上个月用剩了一些眼药水，现在邻家的小弟弟也得了同样的眼病，为什么不可以用那瓶剩下的眼药水呢?首先在上次使用时，药水的滴管可能已受到了污染;其次药物有可能过期了。另外，看上去症状相同的病情却可能是由不同的原因引起的。

正确做法：既使同一个宝宝得了和先前完全相同的病，在给宝宝使用相同的处方药之前，也要请医生检查，告诉医生你手头现有的药品，让他来作判断。

误区八：捏住宝宝的鼻子强行喂药

造成后果：宝宝容易将药物呛入呼吸道而窒息。

挽救措施：一旦发生这种情况，应当立即双手环抱宝宝腹部，使之背紧贴你的腹部，用力挤压患儿腹部，同时使之弯腰，反复几次，以期排除气道内异物。如果无效，立即送医院。
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