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一个月宝宝喝奶就吐怎么回事，什么是胃食管反流病？

发布日期：2019-11-04 11:49:15编辑：小钰

很多妈妈在给宝宝喂奶之后，都会注意宝宝是否会吐奶，新生儿溢奶分为生理性和病理性两种情况，那么一个月宝宝喝奶就吐是怎么回事？什么是胃食管反流病？更多关于新生儿护理的相关内容尽在妈妈育儿网。

一个月宝宝喝奶就吐怎么回事？

刚出生的宝宝时常会溢奶(俗称吐奶)，有些宝宝甚至每次吃完奶都会吐。新生宝宝吐奶大多属于正常的生理性溢奶，家长不必慌张。
宝宝出现这种情况，与其胃部的解剖特点和发育程度有很大关系。正常情况下，成人的胃是斜立的，好似一个立起的口袋，而宝宝的胃却呈水平位，胃容量也较小。另外，宝宝的消化道肌肉发育也不成熟。正常来讲，不吃东西的时候，人体内食管与胃部连接处的责门括约肌是紧张收缩的状态，能够将食物“锁”在胃里，避免反流回食管，而胃部与肠道连接处的幽门括约肌相对松弛舒张，使经过胃部消化的食物顺利进入肠道。由于宝宝发育还不成熟，贲门括约肌较薄弱，而幽门括约肌相对发育较好，使得宝宝吃完奶一旦立即平躺，或者腹部稍用力，奶液就很容易反流回食管，出现溢奶现象。除此之外，宝宝吃奶时很容易将空气一起吸入胃中，尤其是哺乳方法不当，眼下的气体会更多，始宝宝更容易打嗝，随之将奶液带出，出现溢奶现象。

如何防止宝宝吐奶？

随着宝宝的消化道肌肉发育逐渐成熟，加上注意喂奶姿势，溢奶的问题会逐渐得到缓解，直至自然消失。这种生理性溢奶不会影响宝宝吸收营养，家长不必担心。要想缓解这种情况，妈妈可以在每次哺乳后，以45°角坐在椅子上，让宝宝趴在胸前，呈“心贴心”的姿势，头部高过妈妈的肩膀，保持此姿势静坐15分钟左右，帮助宝宝自行打嗝将吃下去的空气排出。
但是,当宝宝频繁且大量地吐奶，且常为2~3米远的喷射状喷吐，喷吐物呈棕色或绿色，体重明显下降或长期不增长，吐奶后看起来很难受，则可能提示患有某种疾病应及时带宝宝就医。
如果在宝宝的呕吐物中发现红色血丝，应先检查妈妈的乳头是否有破口，即使是非常小的伤口也可能出血，宝宝会在吮吸时将血和乳汁一同吸入。若是这种情况，家长无须担心，如果确认妈妈的乳头没有伤口，或宝宝是以配方粉喂养，发现呕吐物中带血，则需立即带宝宝就医，由医生做出诊断。

什么是胃食管反流病？

胃食管反流分为生理性和病理性两种，宝宝易出现的溢奶就是一种生理性的胃食管反流。病理性的胃食管反流是指胃、十二指肠里的内容物反流进食管甚至口咽部，损伤食管黏膜甚至口咽及气道黏膜的一种疾病，引起这种病的原因，可能与食管下端括约肌功能障碍，或者与其功能有关的组织结构异常有关系。
与生理性反流不同，患有胃食管反流病的宝宝反流会出现得极为频繁，并且持续较长的时间，伴有食管炎等并发症，严重影响正常生活。因此,如果宝宝经常呕吐，且在呕吐前后有哭闹反应，呕吐后有拒食表现，长时间体重没有增长或增长缓慢，家长就要提高警惕，这可能就是胃食管反流病的征兆。
如果宝宝出现下列情况之一，家长必须带宝宝就医：
1、进食后出现溢奶并有弓背现象
2、吃奶后平躺会出现痛苦的表情，几乎每次奶后都会呕吐，而且呕吐得越来越多，越来越用力。
3、呕吐物呈胆汁样的绿色、血性的红色或咖啡色。
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