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准爸爸准妈妈注意啦!这几大食物一定要少吃!

发布日期:2024-06-30 10:35:47编辑:秩名


一次一位母亲陪女儿来做孕前咨询,在我提到备孕期应该注意饮食结构时,这位与我年纪差不多大的母亲马上打开了话匣子:“我说你们大夫就是喜欢故弄玄虚,孩子们没什么事,就该吃吃,该喝喝呗,哪有那么多的禁忌?我们年轻那时候谁想着怀个娃还要准备?准备啥呀,稀里糊涂就进了洞房,等知道怀孕都3个月了。这孩子也就是念了几天书,非要来做孕前咨询,要我说,咨询啥?家里的小猫小狗不也一窝一窝地生?……”
 
女儿很快打断了母亲的长篇大论,很认真地向我道歉:“大夫我妈妈就这嘴不好,您别往心里去,还请您给我说说准备怀孕前应该怎么做?什么能吃,什么不能吃。”
 
事实上,这也是备孕的关键,之前我说了很多备孕期应该吃什么,那么现在我再来说说什么食物不利于怀孕。其实,这个原则很好把握,我一再强调的是注意营养均衡,那也就意味着没有营养的垃圾食品和对我们有伤害的东西应该拒绝摄入。
 
备孕期间的饮食原则是:食物结构要合理,要易消化、易吸收,减少营养损失,合理加工烹调,主食、副食合理搭配。
 

这些食物尽量不要吃

 
腌制食品:腌制食品中都含有大量的亚硝酸盐、苯丙芘等,对身体很不利,那么作为备孕期的准爸爸和准妈妈,为了保证给未来的宝宝提供健康的精子和卵子,特别是一些过敏体质的女性,对于这类食物更应该避免食用,以免对胎儿造成不可逆转的影响。而且经过研究发现,在怀孕期间吃腌制的食品,可能会导致出现流产、早产等情况,甚至还会造成胎儿畸形。
 
富含咖啡因的食品:在备孕期间夫妻一定要避免吃含有咖啡因的食物。如果过量的饮用咖啡、茶以及其他含咖啡因的饮料和食品,不仅会影响到女性的生理健康,也会影响到男性的精子质量。研究发现,咖啡因可以在一定程度上改变女性体内雌、孕激素的比例,同时还会间接地抑制受精卵在子宫内的着床和发育。而对于男性,少量咖啡能提神,促进性欲,但喝多了,会影响副交感神经,从而造成性欲降低。
 
罐头食品:罐头食品在生产过程中通常都会加入大量的添加剂,如人工合成色素、香精、防腐剂等。而且罐头食品营养价值并不高,经高温处理后,食物中的维生素和其他营养成分都已受到一定程度的破坏,经常食用会影响身体的营养均衡,从而影响精子和卵子的质量。
 
酒精类饮品:酒的主要成分是乙醇,乙醇能使男性身体里的儿茶酚胺浓度增高,血管痉挛,使睾丸发育不全,甚至使睾丸萎缩,生精功能就会发生结构改变;女性饮酒过量可导致月经不调、闭经、卵子生成变异、无性欲或停止排卵等。同时,研究发现饮酒是造成婴儿畸形和智力迟钝的重要原因。这是由于酒精可以在没有任何阻碍的情况下通过胎盘而进入胎儿体内,使得胎儿体内的酒精浓度和母体内酒精浓度一样。并且酒精对大脑和心脏的危害非常大,如果女性在孕期饮酒的话,其宝宝的智商会低于一般水平,同时还会出现反应迟钝、智力低下等情况。同时,泌尿外科有个非常著名的小鼠实验,即给实验鼠每天灌白酒,两周后观察,小鼠的睾丸出现了不可逆的损伤。酒精可以穿过睾丸直接伤害精子,使精子数量减少,活力降低,畸形精子、死精的比率升高。
 
油炸食物:薯条、薯片、油炸糕点等食物不仅难以消化,而且含有致癌物质,影响身体健康。吃太多这类食物容易导致肥胖,还会影响男性性功能,使女性出现内分泌失调等问题。
 
棉籽油:长期食用毛棉籽油,可使人患日晒病,晒后全身无力或少汗,皮肤灼热、潮红、心慌气短、头昏眼花、四肢麻木、食欲减退。更严重的是对生殖系统的损害。男性短期内精子全部被杀死,并逐渐从精液中消失;女子则可导致闭经或子宫萎缩。故育龄夫妻不宜长期食用。
 
药物:在正常情况下,睾丸组织与流经睾丸的血液之间有一个防护层,医学上称为血生精小管屏障。这一屏障可阻止血液中某些物质进入睾丸。但很多药物却能通过血生精小管屏障,影响精卵健康结合。而药物对卵子及胎儿的影响也不容小觑,因此,在备孕期与孕期,准妈妈应该谨慎用药,准爸爸应保证在备孕期谨慎用药。
 
人工污染食品:食物从其原料生产直至食用前的全过程中,会经历很多必需的环节,可能会不同程度地受到污染,给人的身体带来危害,从而影响精子和卵子的质量。因此,应在饮食上把好关,防止食物污染,应尽量选用新鲜、天然食品,避免食用含添加剂、色素、防腐剂的食品;蔬菜应充分清洗干净,水果最好去皮后再食用,以避免农药污染。
 
除此之外,准爸爸和准妈妈因为角色不同,还分别应该有所忌口。
 

准爸爸禁忌的食物 

 
豆类:哈佛大学乔治•查瓦罗博士2000—2006年跟踪调查了99名男性,结果发现,每天都吃大豆制品的男性,每毫升精液中只有4 100万个精子,明显低于少吃大豆制品的男性。所以一周吃三次以下,每次只吃100克就能避免这种情况的发生。 
 
高蛋白肉类食物:大多数的年轻男士都比较偏爱肉食,虽说精子的生成需要优质蛋白质,但如果肉类食物一旦摄入过高,难免会造成维生素摄入不足,这样容易形成酸性体质,影响受孕。
 
葵花子:葵花子的蛋白质中含有抑制睾丸成分,能引起睾丸萎缩,影响正常生育功能,男性不宜多食。
 
大蒜:大蒜有明显的杀灭精子的作用。男性如食用过多,对生育有着不利的影响,故不宜多食。
 
芹菜:芹菜有抑制精子生成的作用,从而使精子数量下降,出现阳痿。常吃芹菜可致男性精子数量减少,但停吃16周后,又可恢复到正常精子量。
 
啤酒:精子在与卵子接触时会释放出某些物质突破卵子的外层薄膜,钻进卵子使其受精。啤酒中含有类激素的化学物质,精子只要接触到极少量这类化学物质,就会过早消耗能量,失去穿破卵子外层薄膜的能力,使精子与卵子的结合率下降。
 

准妈妈禁忌的食物

 
高糖食品:备孕期间,准妈妈要特别注意,尽量避免吃高糖的食物,以免引起糖代谢紊乱,甚至成为潜在的糖尿病患者。怀孕后,如果孕妇继续保持着吃高糖食物的习惯,就会出现孕期糖尿病。孕期糖尿病不仅会危害孕妇本人的健康,同时还会严重地影响到体内胎儿的健康发育和成长,严重的话还有可能会导致出现早产、流产或死胎。
 
胡萝卜:众所周知,胡萝卜营养丰富,含有丰富的胡萝卜素、多种维生素以及对人体有益的其他营养成分。然而美国妇科专家研究发现,女性过多食用胡萝卜后,摄入的大量胡萝卜素会引起闭经和抑制卵巢的正常排卵功能。因此准备怀孕的女性也不宜多吃胡萝卜。
 
烤肉:有发现喜欢吃烤肉的少数女性生下的孩子患有弱智、瘫痪或畸形的可能性更大。经研究发现,这些女性和其所生的畸形儿都是弓形虫感染的受害者。当人们接触到感染了弓形虫病的畜禽后,并吃了这些畜禽未熟的肉时,就容易被感染弓形虫。因此准备怀孕的女性也应少吃烤肉及生肉。
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