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备孕准爸妈要学会科学预测排卵期

发布日期：2024-07-03 10:02:21编辑：秩名


（1）推算法

 
排卵期第一天＝最短一次月经周期天数－18天排卵期最后一天＝最长一次月经周期天数－11天
 
推算方式：如果通过观察，月经很规律，28天一次，那么你可将月经周期的最长天数和最短天数均定为28天，代入公式，可计算出你的“排卵期”为：本次月经来潮后的第10～17天。此种计算方法是以本次月经来潮第1天为基点，向后顺算天数，而不是以下次月经来潮为基点，倒算天数，因此不易弄错。找出“排卵期”后，如果想怀孕，可从“排卵期”第1天开始，每隔1日性交1次，连续数月，极有可能怀孕。如不想怀孕，就要错过“排卵期”过性生活。由于排卵期会受疾病、情绪、环境及药物的影响而发生改变，须和其他方法结合使用。
 

（2）测量基础体温

 
基础体温是指经过6～8小时的睡眠以后，体温尚未受到运动、饮食或情绪变化影响时所测出的体温。通过记录基础体温可以推算出排卵日。
 
正常情况下，育龄女性排卵前基础体温逐渐下降，相对较低，保持在36．4～36．6℃；排卵后基础体温升高，一般上升0．3～0．5℃，持续3天。从排卵前3天到排卵后1天，这段时间为容易受孕期，可作为受孕计划的参考。
 
每天在睡觉前将体温计甩到35℃以下，并放在床头安全的地方，第二天一醒来不要做任何活动，立即测量体温，因为任何动作都可能使体温升高而产生误差，所以必须在不活动的情况下完成测量。至少需要连续测量和记录3个月，画出曲线图，以便掌握体温上升、下降的规律，来确定自己的排卵日。
 

测基础体温要注意

 
早晨量体温有困难者，可在每天某一固定时间里测量体温，切记测量前半小时不可激烈运动或饮用冷热食物。
 
测量基础体温的方法虽然简单，但要求严格，还需要长期坚持。一般需要连续测量3个以上月经周期才能说明问题。
 
在月经期，如遇有感冒、发热、腹泻、失眠、饮酒、使用电热毯等情况，往往容易影响基础体温，在测量时要注意，同时要特别标记说明。
 
一定要记录下每天的基础体温，如果某天忘记测量了，可以根据之前的记录作出大致推断，不过不可有偷懒思想和侥幸心理，否则所作记录就会因为不准确而失去意义。
 

制作自己的基础体温表

 
①横坐标是日期，每天一格，共35格，如果你的月经周期比较长，可以多做5～10个格子。
 
②纵坐标是体温，可以从35．5℃开始，由下向上逐渐升高，每0．1℃升高一格，最高到39℃就足够了。
 
③在横坐标的最下面，多留出一点空白做备注，用来记录相应日子发生过的对体温有影响的事件，如饮酒、感冒、紧张、熬夜、用药等，同时房事要用标记标出。
 
④每天早上醒来，在尚未进行任何活动前测量体温，标记在记录表上，并描成温度变化曲线即成基础体温曲线。把体温计含入口中，至少5分钟，取出体温表观察温度，并在表格内相应位置做上标记。
 
⑤一般于月经周期第5天开始测量记录体温。
 

（3）观察宫颈黏液

 
根据阴道黏液变化判断排卵日，女性月经周期分为“干燥期—湿润期—干燥期”，在月经中间的湿润期，白带较多而且异常稀薄，一般持续3～5天。观察阴道分泌物像蛋清样，清澈、透明、高弹性、拉丝长，这一天就是排卵。
 
月经干净后，宫颈黏液常稠厚而量少，称为干燥期，提示非排卵期。月经周期中期，黏液增多而稀薄，阴道分泌物增多，称为湿润期。接近排卵期时。黏液变得清亮滑润而富有弹性，如同鸡蛋清状，拉丝度高，不易拉断，出现这种黏液最后一天的前后48小时之间是排卵日，在出现阴部湿润感时即排卵期，也称为易孕期。计划受孕应选择在排卵期前的湿润期。
 
应用要点
 
①观察宫颈黏液，每天需要数次，一般可利用起床后、洗澡前或小便前的机会用手指从阴道口取黏液，观察手指上的黏液外观、黏稠程度以及用手指做拉丝测试等几方面检查。
 
②重点观察黏液从黏稠变稀的趋势，一旦黏液能拉丝达数厘米时，就应认为处于易受孕期（排卵期）。
 
③宫颈黏液法也适用于月经不规律的女性掌握自己的排卵期。
 
注意事项
 
①观察宫颈黏液前，一定要将手洗干净。
 
②以前一天晚上没有同房时，观察的结果比较准确。
 
③对宫颈黏液的观察需要经验，应进行2～3个月的练习才能判断得比较准确。
 
④阴道内宫颈黏液的变化受多种因素影响，如阴道内严重感染、阴道冲洗、性兴奋时的阴道分泌物、性交后黏液、使用阴道内杀精子药物等。
 
⑤判定白带性状时要与各种阴道炎引起的病理性白带增多相区别，后者白带可呈黄脓状、块状、黄色肥皂水样，常有臭味，还可伴外阴奇痒等症状，需去医院就诊治疗。
 

（4）用排卵预测试纸测试

 
首先确定通常的月经周期，即从每次月经的第1天到下次月经的第1天的天数，从月经周期第11天开始测试，每天一次。可以进行家庭自测，以便安排家庭生育计划，择期怀孕。
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