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一次讲清宝宝脐带护理和耳朵护理

发布日期：2024-07-06 10:11:00编辑：胖虎爱撩妹

脐带是连接妈妈和胎儿的亲密纽带，负责把营养运送给胎儿，助其更好地发育成长。宝宝出生以后，会从母乳或配方奶中获得营养，脐带的使命也就完成了，需要剪断结扎。而脐带离断标志着宝宝完全脱离母体，开始作为一个独立个体踏上自己的生命旅程。
 
　　在以前，医学水平还没那么发达的时候，很多妈妈都是在家生孩子的，由于脐带处理不规范等问题、宝宝发生脐部感染而早夭的概率是非常高的。随着医疗水平进步以及人们安全意识的提高，现在几乎所有妈妈都会选择在医院生产，让宝宝得到更好的新生照顾。由脐带感染引起的悲剧已经越来越少，但宝宝的脐带护理仍然让不少新手妈妈们头疼。那么，该如何正确护理宝宝的脐带呢？
 
　首要原则是预防感染
　　感染是新生儿脐部最常见的问题。脐带刚被剪断结扎的头几天，脐窝部位可能出现一些浆液性的分泌物，这是细菌的良好培养皿。一旦细菌入侵脐残端并迅速繁殖，很可能导致脐炎或者脐部蜂窝织炎，严重的甚至会引发败血症。因此一定要注重预防、降低脐部感染的风险，这需要规范脐部结扎的同时加强脐部护理。
 
　关键是清洁、消毒、干燥
　　我们知道，脐带被剪断后，头几天可能会有些肿胀，像果冻一样，之后会逐渐变干、萎缩，一般在宝宝出生后的3-7天干燥并且自然脱落，有的可能需要2周左右。
 
　　如果脐带残端还没有脱落，保持脐部清洁和干燥很重要。清洁和消毒是为了减少细菌滋生和粘染，干燥的目的则是减少细菌繁殖，加速脐带残端脱落。在日常护理中，保持脐部清洁干燥的方法是让脐部尽量不要沾水，比如给宝宝洗澡时，不要让水溅到肚脐上;换尿布时，避免让尿布的上缘包住肚脐，以防伤口被尿液浸湿，引起感染。至于消毒，建议妈妈先洗干净双手，然后用干棉签蘸干脐轮周围的水，再用干棉签蘸75%浓度的酒精从脐窝根部由内向外环形消毒，每天消毒1-2次，直到脐带脱落。
 
　　有些宝宝的脐带脱落后可能还会连着一点儿，不要强行用外力使其剥落，这样容易形成创伤口，处理不当易继发感染或出血。妈妈应继续用同样的方法进行清洁、消毒和干燥，直到脐带完全干燥脱落、分泌物消失。
 
一次讲清宝宝脐带护理和耳朵护理
 
　注意观察是否出现感染
　　保持脐部清洁干燥的同时，还要注意观察是否出现感染的情况，重点观察宝宝脐部有无渗血、黏液性及脓性分泌物、脐轮及脐周皮肤颜色、异常气味等。
 
　　如果没出血就表示没什么问题，出一点点血也是正常的，不用紧张，用干净的棉签轻轻擦掉即可，如果出血不止就要及时去医院处理了。
 
　　如果脐部有分泌物、清亮的液体、或者是有异味的黄色分泌物，都需要去医院处理。特别注意的是，不要擅自外用紫药水，因为涂上紫药水后，脐带上端往往很快形成脐痂，这样就很容易掩盖住脐痂下的脓性分泌物。而且，国外医学家研究发现，紫药水有极强的致癌性，不能用于破损伤口消毒和作为外用药物使用。
 
　　如果肚脐周围的皮肤没有发红，就不用担心，要是出现又红又热、肿胀、过敏的现象，很可能是已经感染了，应及时找医生处理。
 
　　气味方面，变干的脐带一般有一股轻微气味，这是正常的，但如果出现一股持续性的难闻的味道，就有可能是感染的征兆，应及时看医生。
 
　需要留意的异常情况
　　另外，如果发现脐带超过半个月都不脱落，可以去医院再次结扎脐带，让其脱落;脐带脱落后，要是创面不愈合且下面有红色的肉芽，可能是形成了脐茸，需要请医生帮忙处理。
 
　　还有些宝宝在脐带脱落不久后，会出现肚脐凸起来的情况，用手轻轻按压有“咕咕”的声音，而且哭闹时更明显，看起来很吓人。其实这是脐疝，通常问题不大，一般在宝宝2-3岁时自行愈合。如果到了5岁还没愈合，就需要通过手术修补。
 
　　讲完脐带护理，顺便提一下宝宝的耳朵护理。
 
一次讲清宝宝脐带护理和耳朵护理
 
　不建议自行给宝宝掏耳屎
　　很多妈妈都关心可不可以给宝宝掏耳屎这个问题。这里要说一下，如果宝宝还小，不建议擅自用镊子、耳勺或者棉签帮TA掏，防止将耳屎推向耳朵更深处，或者增加耳朵感染和刺伤鼓膜的风险。其实，正常的耳屎并不会影响耳朵健康，相反能隔离微生物、进入耳道的水、小虫子和其他刺激，起到保护耳朵的作用。如果宝宝的耳屎比较少，且干燥成片状，通常可以随运动、说话、吃饭、打哈欠时皮肤汗毛的运动自行落出，不需要给TA掏耳朵。如果耳屎比较多，让宝宝觉得不舒服，甚至影响听力，建议去医院请医生帮忙取出。
 
　　虽然不建议掏耳屎，但平时对耳朵的清洁护理是不能大意的，尤其要注意预防中耳炎，具体怎么做呢？
 
　　第一，正确洗头洗澡，预防耳朵进水。给宝宝洗头洗澡时，要用手把TA的耳廓折叠起来。万一不小心让水进了耳朵，不要慌，让宝宝侧躺在你的大腿上，保持进水一侧的耳朵向下，用手掌紧压进水一侧的耳根和耳廓，然后快速松手，连续几次，让水流出来。或者用手指轻轻按压宝宝的嘴唇，使其做出张嘴动作，反复几次，以便活动颞下颌关节，促使水从外耳道流出。水流出来后，固定住宝宝的头部，用消毒棉签伸进TA的外耳道，但不要碰到鼓膜，轻轻旋转，将水吸干。如果宝宝不配合，不要强行掏耳，以免误伤外耳道皮肤或者鼓膜，建议及时去医院处理。
 
　　第二，不要让宝宝躺着喝奶或哭泣。最好采取半卧位，保证宝宝处于头高躯干低的姿势，以免奶液或眼泪流入耳朵，继发感染。如果宝宝经常溢奶，吃完奶后，要抬高TA的上半身，防止吐奶或者奶液流入耳朵。
 
　　第三，避免错误擤鼻涕。千万不要捏住宝宝两侧鼻翼,让TA用力擤鼻涕，这种做法很可能导致鼻涕从鼻后孔挤出，到达咽鼓管，引发中耳炎。正确做法是用手指按住宝宝的一侧鼻孔，让TA稍用力向外擤出对侧鼻孔的鼻涕，用同法再擤出另一侧的鼻涕。也可以用生理盐水喷雾对着宝宝鼻孔轻轻一喷，鼻涕就出来了。
 
　　第四，帮孩子勤洗手，勤清洁毛巾、床单等日用品，远离感冒，将病菌拒于耳道之外。
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