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产科医生讲述16个分娩细节，非常全面，帮助准妈妈顺利生宝宝

发布日期：2024-09-03 00:06:44编辑：胖虎爱撩妹

无论是否生育过，孕妈妈到生产时多多少少都会有点担心。分娩有哪些需要提前了解和准备的呢？妇产科曾医生告诉你16个分娩细节，让你轻松生宝宝！
 
 
细节一：通常分娩时会遇到三种情况
 
没到预产期破水，但不痛且没宫缩情况下，一般作催产处理，称为胎膜早破；过了预产期，而胎动速度没有增加，就很可能需要剖腹产；到了预产期，宫颈不成熟，作催产处理，即促进宫颈成熟，一般2-3天，然后进入正式产程。
 
细节二：分娩预兆开始的前期就会感觉痛疼并宫缩，要尽量休息好，保持精力为之后的真正生产做好准备
 
到后来宫缩越来越频繁，即5-6分钟/次（一般每次痛30秒左右），直到最后生产完毕，可以长达16个小时。当然每个人具体情况不同，有些人可能去医院呆1-2小时就生产了，有些人可能要更久。有些人一开始就过于兴奋，没注意休息，等到真正需要用力的时间，已经没有力气生产了，因此要注意保持体力。在临产前少食多餐，因为宫缩可能会引发呕吐。进产房前建议食用的食物有巧克力、牛奶和红牛等。
 
产前休息做胎监
 
 
 
细节三：在生产过程中，注意和你的助产士作好沟通
 
你可以通过她了解自己的各方面情况（如宫颈消退多少、宫开口多大等）。因为助产士的性格不同，她也会受到你和你家人当时的情绪影响，因此心态要平和。
 
细节四：进入医院的产房，并不意味着你就会顺产
 
生产有很多方面的因素影响，如产力、产道、胎位、宫颈等都有可能发生未知的变化。举个例子：怀孕时B超显示胎位正，但生产时才发现是枕横位或枕后位（B超只显示非臀位），这就容易影响顺产了。另外发现羊水浑浊，或胎心异常，也可能顺转剖腹产。
 
分娩区域
 
 
 
细节五：生完后多久出院
 
有些产妇进医院生产完后，顺利的话最快48小时就可以出院，如果有会阴侧切或分娩时合有并发症（高血压、糖尿病等）的话可能需要4-5天，甚至有些高达半个多月。
 
细节六：分娩中助产士对于新生儿的操作程序
 
助产士会对宝宝护理好脐部、称体重、穿上衣服，等妈妈也清理好（如缝线、清理宫腔积血等），就会把宝宝抱给妈妈看和接触，告诉性别并挂好手牌（妈妈和宝宝各一个，同一个编码，和超市寄存牌一样），最后再抱给其他家属看看。如果宝宝没什么大问题，一般都会让宝宝和妈妈在一起。
 
宝宝和妈妈接触
 
细节七：什么是过期分娩？
 
 
 
其实就是过了预产期2周后的分娩，即42周。
 
细节八：生产时，并不是说你当时想顺产就顺产，想剖宫产就剖宫产（有些产妇痛得受不了会吵着要剖腹产）。
 
医生是要看你实际的情况来判断，一般都是提倡顺产为佳。当然，如果你实在是情况不佳，想顺产也不行。另外，就算你一开始就想剖腹的话，也要很多相关手续需要了解和做好术前准备，如了解术中、术后可能会发生的风险，签好手术同意书和麻醉同意书等。因此，如果真的要选择剖腹产的话，最好提前和医生沟通好。
 
细节九：关于无痛分娩
 
这是一种麻醉，在施行前，医院会要求家属签字。因为从医学角度上，任何药物都会通过胎盘影响胎儿。但是在实际生产中，几乎没有出现过因为这种麻醉引起胎儿发生问题的案例。无痛分娩费用每个城市都不一样，是少量多次的给药，有些人一两次就可以，有些人可能需要数次。最好事先让家人了解这个情况并作好沟通，因为出现过：产妇在产房痛得要命，要求做无痛分娩，家人也同意，等到要签字，麻醉师循例说这个有可能会影响胎儿，家人又有顾虑而不签了。于是产妇在产房痛骂……
 
麻醉医生为产妇注射麻醉药
 
细节十：无痛分娩一般施行后都会让生产更顺利，当然也存在个体差异
 
对于是否无痛分娩，产妇需要和家人事先做好商量和准备。这是因为无痛分娩是需要麻醉师来操作的，麻醉师有时需要应付医院的其它手术工作，不可能随传随到。麻醉的过程亦需要40分钟左右。
 
细节十一：怀孕期间发现前置胎盘，在分娩时需要特别注意观察胎动，避免出现胎儿宫内窘迫
 
细节十二：发现胎儿脐带绕颈时需要注意胎动
 
这种情况下，在临产后期的宫缩中，有可能会引发胎儿缺氧。另外，进入产房后，助产士会放一个胎监贴在产妇肚皮上，为的是方便监测胎心，一旦发现胎心异常，可及时采取剖腹产。
 
细节十三：怀孕28~36周时如果宝宝还没有头朝下（臀位或横位）的话，36周后的胎位就很难纠正过来。
 
头位和臀位
 
 
 
细节十四：产妇见红但未宫缩
 
这时候不必着急到医院待产。当宫缩有规律（宫缩间歇5~6分钟，持续30秒）时，即可至医院了（如离医院远可提早些）；发现破水时就要收拾东西及时去医院，注意去医院的路上最好坐车平躺着，避免羊水流尽及脐带脱垂导致宝宝宫内缺氧。
 
细节十五：需要准备的东西
 
宝宝的衣服、纸尿裤、包被等要准备好，产妇方面就是自己换洗的衣服、食物、牙刷、洗脸帕、卫生用品等。
 
细节十六：对于分娩的陪护方面问题
 
当宫口全开时（全开即10公分，从开始的1公分开到10公分），医院就会分配一位助产士。但是当进入医院的产妇太多，助产士有限，就会忙不过来，家属陪护（是需要另交费用）只是临产时陪着，进入产房后就不能跟着进去陪护；产房里有多个产妇，要注意和自己的助产士沟通好，一起配合生宝宝。
 
到分娩后期时，产妇会因使劲用力变得很疲惫，甚至有些会不太清醒（发生过个别产妇大呼大叫，根本不听助产士和医生的指令，后来还是需要老公进来帮忙安抚的情况），因此。老公和家人们也要注意配合助产士和医生的工作。
 
幸福的一家三口
 
好了，主要细节就有以上的情况，如果准妈妈们想了解其他的细节，欢迎在评论区留言或关注妇产科曾医生，空闲之余会一一回复信息，祝好“孕”！
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