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脐带血有必要保存吗（妈妈讨论）(3)

发布日期：2010-05-06 15:21:02编辑：admin

专家们认为这是由于还存在许多未知的次要HLA没能匹配导致免疫反应。由于新生儿的免疫系统与儿童或成年人的免疫系统不同，移植脐带血产生的免疫细胞较不会攻击宿主的细胞，因此脐带血移植的组织配型要求不像骨髓移植那么严格，也较不容易产生移植物抗宿主反应。调查表明，亲属之间的脐带血移植，只有5％产生严重的移植物抗宿主反应（包括1％导致死亡），非亲属之间的脐带血移植，也只有20％产生严重的移植物抗宿主反应（包括6％导致死亡）。相反的，非亲属间的骨髓移植，即使组织配型良好，也有47％产生严重的移植物抗宿主反应，高达33％将会因此死亡。

脐带血移植还有其他优势。一半以上的成年人，其白细胞中都存在着一种“细胞肥大病毒”，这种病毒对正常人是无害的，但是对那些接受移植的患者，因为其免疫系统受抑制，任何病毒都可能是致命的。事实上，由于骨髓移植带来的细胞肥大病毒，导致了10％的患者死亡。而只有1％的新生儿在子宫中感染了细胞肥大病毒，因此在这方面，脐带血移植也要安全得多。脐带血移植在时间上也有优势。寻找骨髓移植的供体很花时间，平均需要4个月。在这段时间内，供体候选人要被抽血检验组织配型以及检测各种病毒。而脐带血在储存之前已经经过了组织配型检验和病毒监测，一旦需要，三、四天内即可提供。

有必要保存脐带血吗?

脐带血移植既然有这些好处，是否在分娩后要保存起来，“为孩子投一份生命保险”呢？并不需要。一个孩子需要进行脐带血移植的概率极低，只有十万分之一。为这么低的概率花那么高的储存费用，是不值得的。而且，万一需要脐带血移植，一般也不能用自己的脐带血，因为如果所要治疗的疾病是遗传导致的话，脐带血同样携带着突变的基因，移植自己的血液是无济于事的。当然，如果在移植之前，能够用基因疗法修正脐带血中的突变基因，那么是可以用自己的脐带血进行治疗的。但是，在近期内，还不可能做到这一点，因此，在现在，对绝大多数家庭来说，为自己的孩子储存脐带血只是浪费钱，没有任何意义。如果你生过患白血病或其他遗传性免疫疾病的儿子，或有这类遗传病的家族史，储存脐带血才有意义。在这种情况下，你的亲属用到脐带血的可能性大大增加，手术也更可能成功。
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