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宝宝感冒用药要谨慎,自愈力是自带良药

发布日期:2024-09-11 06:35:44编辑:胖虎爱撩妹

 
病毒在人体内有自然的清除期。大概3~5天,我们人体的免疫系统产生的抗体,就可以把病毒从体内清除掉。随着人体的免疫系统发挥作用,体内会产生一些炎性物质,从而形成鼻涕或痰,这些炎性物质会使身体表现出鼻塞、咳嗽之类的症状,这是人体的正常反应,一般经过2~3个星期这些症状就会消失,疾病也会痊愈。你需要做的,就是耐心等待,多喝水多休息就行了,这就是普通感冒的基本处理策略,这也是美国医生通常不建议普通感冒病人吃药的原因。
 
有一种观点认为,感冒时要多吃水果,或者是补充维生素C。尽管循证医学表明,维生素C其实没有那么大的治疗作用,但是作为安慰剂,它也确实没有什么副作用,吃了也没有不良反应,而且人们感冒时通常会有食欲减退、嘴里没味的症状,这时多吃些富含维生素C的水果还可以起到开胃的作用。
 
在国外,感冒后通常会有人推荐喝鸡汤,在美国超市里就有很多鸡汤卖,其实这些鸡汤与维生素C一样,起的是安慰剂的效用。很多时候安慰剂也会起到一定的治疗作用。人们选用他们认为有用的安慰剂时,自身的精神状态会自动调到最好,这样就有利于他们身体免疫力的提高、抵抗疾病能力的增强。
 
在国外,一些好的医生同时也是心理医生。一个好的医生,不只是治疗病人身体的疾病,更多的是治疗人心理上的疾病,给人提供宽慰。一个美国医生有这样一段话讲得非常好:“To cure sometimes, to relieve often, to comfort always.”翻译成中文是:有时去治愈,常常去帮助,总是去安慰。通俗点解释便是,根据现有的医学手段,很多疾病医生也是没有办法治愈的,比如感冒。一个好的医生在治疗疾病的同时,会更多地倾听病人的心声,耐心解答病人的疑问,给病人以抒发焦虑的机会,为病人提供帮助和安慰,比如告诉病人感冒是怎么回事儿,都会有哪些不舒服的症状,出现了这样的症状如何缓解,病程会是多久等。常常去帮助,总是去安慰,是一种人性的传递,也说明了安慰、鼓励性的语言在疾病治疗中的重要性。这些积极的语言不仅使病人感到温暖和安全,同时也能调动病人心理方面的积极因素,及时解除病人的心理隐患,增强病人战胜疾病的信心,最后战胜疾病的力量其实是来自病人自己。
 
所以,作为病人,对于疾病,自己也要有一个正确的观念,不要太过于依赖医疗手段,也不要过于依赖药品,不要一感冒就想着输液吃消炎药,而是要学会了解自己的身体,学会爱护它,养护它,当它出现问题时,要有一种积极的心态,相信它是非常强大的。比如说你今天有很多事情,必须都做完,但是身体感觉很累,怎么也提不起精神。实际上这就是身体在提示你,你需要休息了。你要注意身体发出的这些信号,适时进行调整。有些年轻人不懂得这个道理,总是拼命熬夜、加班,总觉得自己身体好,撑得住,殊不知,再年轻的身体,所能够承担的消耗也是有个度的,一旦身体消耗到一定程度,就病倒了。所以,面对感冒这类可以自愈的疾病时,我们要相信自己的身体,相信它有对付感冒的自愈力量,同时要停下手头繁忙的工作,让身体有充分的时间休息。
 
治感冒,用对药很重要
 
哺乳期的妈妈如果症状严重,一定要吃感冒药缓解症状的话,也要像准妈妈用药时注意的那样,尽量避免使用复方类的感冒药。现在市场上的感冒药太多了,而且大多是复方感冒药,比如白加黑、日夜百服咛、泰诺、康泰克等,林林总总几乎有上百种,因为里面的成分太复杂,吃了没办法保证宝宝的安全和“口粮”的供应,所以应尽量选择单一成分的药物,对症治疗。
 
如果感冒发高烧了,体温38℃以上,难受得厉害,需要用退烧药的话,可以选用对乙酰氨基酚或布洛芬这两种药。这两种药是使用最广泛、最安全的退烧药,也用于缓解头痛、牙疼等疼痛。如果含有单一成分的成人退烧药暂时买不到,也可以吃儿童剂型的药,但吃的时候要换算为成人的剂量。需要注意的是,宝宝吃药的剂量是按照体重计算的,成人的不是按照体重,而是按照临床试验总结出来的标准剂量。比如说对乙酰氨基酚,成人的常规剂量是一次500毫克或者650毫克,每4~6小时吃一次,一天最多4000毫克。布洛芬的成人剂量一般是每次400毫克,每6小时一次,一天最大的剂量是2400毫克。
 
在临床中,我发现哺乳期妈妈和准妈妈都有这样的用药误区,她们认为自己处于特殊时期,碰到需要吃药的时候,常常将用药的剂量降低,甚至服用儿童用药剂量,目的是减少对宝宝的伤害。妈妈们有这样的想法,是因为她们一心想着宝宝,想将药物对宝宝的伤害降到最低,这种想法的出发点是好的,但不科学,还很可能事与愿违。药物进入体内后若要起到治病的效用,就需要足够的剂量。准妈妈或者哺乳期妈妈都属于成人范畴,服药的剂量也应该按成人剂量服用,而不是按照儿童的剂量,否则吃进去达不到起效的剂量,也就达不到治疗疾病的目的。
 
如果鼻塞、流鼻涕,可以选用生理性海水鼻腔喷雾器护理鼻子,或者通过吸入水蒸气的方式缓解鼻塞。
 
如果咳嗽有痰,就选些化痰的药,但我不推荐吃止咳药,因为咳嗽其实是人体排痰的一种正常生理反应,如果强行用止咳药止咳,不但不能把痰排出来,而且一旦痰里的病菌感染到肺,还会形成新的感染。所以如果咳得不是很厉害,不要吃止咳药,况且市售的止咳药止咳作用也很有限。
 
如果感冒伴有嗓子疼的症状,可以选择用淡盐水漱口。如果淡盐水也不能缓解,市场上的润喉糖也可以缓解此症状。润喉糖可以在哺乳期偶尔使用。若实在疼得厉害,也可以使用对乙酰氨基酚止疼。
 
药店买药的小窍门:在柜台前蹲下来找
 
常有网友向我反映,我推荐的这些单一成分的药品在药店里很难买到,比如布洛芬普通片就不好买。针对这个问题,我可以提供一个小窍门:去药店买单一成分的药品时,要蹲下来找。因为这些药通常比较便宜,利润自然不会太高,药店是盈利性的商家,逐利是商家的本性,药店也就不会把它们放在黄金位置,大多会将它们放在货架的最下层、最不显眼的位置上。
 
说到药店,可能一般人不太知道,在国内的很多药店里,除了有药师和一般店员外,还有很多药厂的促销员。他们出于各自的利益推荐给你的药品,不一定是最适合你的,而是他们各自代表的药厂生产的产品,并且通常情况下这种产品可能是价格相对比较高的。所以我们在买药时,一定要仔细看店员推荐的药是不是对自己的症,不要被店员忽悠。
 
另外,在选择药品时,要尽量选择大品牌、口碑好的公司或药厂生产的产品,这样药品质量更有保障一些。但根据目前药店的现状,如果你要买很便宜的含有单一成分的药品,就别想再挑剔它们的生产厂家了,能找到就算运气不错了,因为很多时候这种药在小药店里是没有的,毕竟它们太便宜了,小药店一般不卖。
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